Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissues, typically affecting the legs, arms, or face. It's characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. If severe, it can rapidly progress and require prompt medical treatment in an emergent setting, such as an emergency room or urgent care. Therefore, it requires prompt attention, and this emphasizes the importance of an early diagnosis to prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.

Causes

1. Bacterial entry through:

  • Cuts or wounds

  • Insect bites

  • Skin cracks or fissures

  • Surgical incisions

2. Common culprits:

  • Staphylococcus aureus

  • Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)

3. Risk factors:

  • Weakened immune system

  • Diabetes

  • Obesity

  • Poor circulation

  • Skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis)


Symptoms

1. Redness and swelling

2. Warmth and tenderness

3. Pain or discomfort

4. Skin dimpling or puckering

5. Fever and chills

6. Swollen lymph nodes

Treatments

1. Antibiotics

  • Oral: Amoxicillin, Cephalexin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline

  • IV (severe cases): Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin

2. Supportive care

  • Rest and elevation of affected limb

  • Pain management (pain relievers)

  • Wound care (dressings, cleaning)

3. Home remedies

  • Apply warm compresses

  • Keep affected area clean and dry

  • Use over-the-counter pain relievers

Prevention

1. Practice good hygiene

2. Keep skin moisturized and intact

3. Avoid sharing personal items

4. Manage underlying conditions (diabetes, etc.)

5. Get prompt medical attention for wounds or skin infections